Machine-Bound Accounts (MBAs) are smart contract wallets bound to device NFTs using the ERC-6551 standard. They enable autonomous, secure interactions between devices (or agents) and on-chain applications — making machines first-class actors in the blockchain ecosystem. MBAs bring programmability, ownership enforcement, and permissioned execution to devices, allowing them to:
  • Receive and manage rewards
  • Perform on-chain staking or lending
  • Execute delegated actions
  • Interact with Dapps autonomously or via authorized signers

​
How MBAs Work

An MBA is a smart contract wallet that is:
  • Deterministically generated based on a device unique ID (e.g., serial number, IMEI number, etc..)
  • Fully programmable, just like externally owned accounts (EOAs) or other smart contract wallets
  • Securely bound to the identity and ownership of the NFT
This binding ensures that only the owner of the device can control or delegate permissions for the MBA.

​
MBA Generation

MBA generation follows the ERC-6551 registry specification. The account address is computed from the following parameters:
  • Implementation contract address
  • Unique salt value
  • Chain ID
  • NFT contract address
  • NFT token ID
This process is deterministic — meaning the same device will always resolve to the same MBA wallet address.

​
Example MBA Addresses

While ERC-6551 is EVM-specific, the concept of token-bound accounts can be adapted to other chains like Solana, using comparable account abstraction primitives.
ChainExample MBA Address
EVM0xb2119aF10cc641162968ED255dC4E688dC4B2B6E
SolanaFDNY674k4dC9zoGSnGzaajjYnXoKKvAAp3GZU7sAfnGX

​
When is an MBA Created?

In practice, an MBA is automatically generated when a DePIN project registers an ioID for the device on-chain